A mobile flight case learning system for ATC miscommunications

Aviation’s highest priority is safety. The primary risk to safety derives not from automated systems but from human factors, most notably air traffic control. We present results from development of a flight case learning system designed to operate on mobile phones used by air traffic controllers (ATCs). Our system takes advantage of key Ontology concepts, a case-based system development procedure, human-centered design (HCD) strategies, and appropriate small-screen interface design protocols. A questionnaire to assess user interaction satisfaction (QUIS) was deployed for subsequent usability testing and to verify acceptance of, and satisfaction with, the system. Twelve subjects participated in the questionnaire-based evaluation of subjective satisfaction. In addition, two flight experts served on a review panel for domain knowledge verification and acceptance of the interface design. Our results confirm that the system is a suitably designed mobile learning system that can accelerate self-learning for ATCs.     

厌氧陈腐垃圾模拟柱对渗滤液COD和NH_3-N的处理特性

通过实地钻取阿苏卫填埋场陈腐垃圾,真实模拟填埋场压实工艺,制作2种不同压实密度的陈腐垃圾模拟柱,对比研究其对渗滤液COD、NH3-N处理效果。结果表明,当模拟柱压实密度为1.09 t/m3时,渗滤液垂直运动明显;回灌此模拟柱水力负荷分别为18.6、28、37.2和46.5 L/t时,COD去除效果稳定,平均去除率达82.4%,最高去除率可达90.1%;出水NH3-N浓度均值为549.3 mg/L,且介于415～700 mg/L间变化。自循环回灌COD去除率最高仅为11.5%,NH3-N去除率最高仅为11.8%,两者去除效果不明显。因此,北方平原型填埋场进一步完善填埋工艺,使填埋场垂直方向渗透系数分布均匀,充分利用陈腐垃圾堆体的自降解能力,才是处理渗滤液污染的关键。     

可见光活性纳米TiO2光催化涂料的抗菌性能研究

基于过渡金属离子掺杂技术,制备了在室内光辐照条件下具有良好光催化抗菌性能的可见光响应型铁掺杂TiO2光催化涂料。研究结果表明,在可见光活性光催化涂料中添加1%的纳米TiO2时,抗菌效果最好,光照24 h后对大肠杆菌、白色念珠球菌、黑曲霉的杀菌率分别达到99.9%、97.2%、82%。采用致孔剂聚乙二醇6 000对光催化剂改性后,能加快该涂料的抗菌性能,光照6 h后杀菌率就能达到99.9%。表明该涂料在室内可见光照射下具有较好的广谱抗菌效果,能抑制和杀灭多种微生物。     

改性膨润土对垃圾填埋场渗滤液吸附效果

通过制备不同组分改性膨润土,研究其对苯酚的吸附效果,结果表明,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵+十二烷基磺酸钠+硫酸铝-改性膨润土>十六烷基三甲基溴化铵+十二烷基磺酸钠-改性膨润土>十六烷基三甲基溴化铵-改性膨润土。通过改性膨润土对实际复杂组分渗滤液的吸附研究,结果表明,使用活性炭改性的膨润土吸附COD和NH4+-N最为理想,单位质量COD吸附量最高为26.8 mg/g,NH4+-N最高为3.92 mg/g,其中,COD最高去除率为77.3%,氨氮为28.9%;十六烷基三甲基溴化铵+十二烷基磺酸钠+硫酸铝-改性膨润土对COD和NH4+-N均有去除效果,两者对于渗滤液实际处理工程具有应用价值。     

中国省域能源价格与碳强度协整研究：基于1995～2009年的面板数据

基于面板数据协整检验理论，利用中国华东地区七省域1995～2009年间的数据资料，检验能源价格与碳强度变量序列的平稳性及协整关系，并建立回归模型。结果表明：能源价格与碳强度之间存在长期均衡关系；Hausman检验认为能源价格与碳强度间应建立个体固定效应回归模型；能源价格对碳强度负相关，提高能源价格能显著降低碳强度，但不同地区碳强度对能源价格变化的反应不同；经济较发达的省域，能源价格相对较高而碳强度相对较低。建议适度提高能源价格，加强技术创新、优化能源结构和提升能源效率，积极推进省际产业衔接与协作，促使碳强度不断下降，实现能源、经济和社会可持续发展。     

不同固化剂对底泥重金属稳定化效果的研究

通过浸出毒性方法,考察了CaO、磷酸二氢铵(MAP)、磷酸二氢钙(MCP)、磷酸氢二铵(DAP)、磷酸二氢钠(MSP)和一种镁系胶凝剂M1对底泥重金属的稳定化效果。结果发现,当CaO的添加量为75 g/kg,底泥中Zn、Pb、Ba和Mn的浸出浓度分别降低了72.8%、67.6%、34.9%和94%;当M1的添加量为200 g/kg,Zn、Ba和Mn浸出浓度分别降低了85.1%、76.1%和99%,Pb的浸出浓度降低95%以上;当MAP、MCP、DAP、MSP的添加量为100 g/kg,Zn的浸出浓度下降了70%~85%,Mn的浸出浓度下降了40%~90%,Ba的浸出浓度下降95%以上。此外,MAP、MCP、DAP和MSP的添加使底泥中总磷的浸出浓度显著增大。     

不同镉污染农田土壤上秸秆和炭化秸秆分解动态及其对土壤镉的吸附特征

通过温室土壤培养实验，研究不同镉污染农田土壤上不同的作物秸秆和炭化作物秸秆还田后的分解动态和还田秸秆材料对污染土壤中镉的吸附特征，探讨秸秆和炭化秸秆还田做为重金属镉污染农田土壤修复剂的可行性。实验结果表明，还田的油菜秸秆和玉米秸秆在2种镉污染水稻土壤上6个月分解了43％-65％，秸秆炭化后还田则很稳定，2种镉污染土壤上还田6个月时累计分解量小于5％。2种镉污染土壤上还田的秸秆和炭化秸秆随还田时间延长镉含量逐渐增加。模拟镉污染土壤上，相同时期油菜秸秆中镉含量显著高于玉米秸秆，油菜秸秆炭中镉含量显著高于玉米秸秆炭。在镉污染土壤上，还田的玉米秸秆、油菜秸秆、玉米秸秆炭和油菜秸秆炭对土壤镉的净吸附量相近，均小于1．1μg／g。在模拟镉污染土壤上还田的油菜秸秆和油莱秸秆炭对土壤镉净吸附量最高分别达到2．74μg／g和7．03μg／g，分别是玉米秸秆和玉米秸秆炭的2倍，且显著高于其在镉污染土壤上的净吸附量，具有高的吸附能力。     

Improving the activity of Mn/TiO2 catalysts through control of the pH and valence state of Mn during their preparation

In this study, the authors investigated the influence of the valence state of Mn on the efficacy of selective catalytic reduction using a Mn-based catalyst. The nitrogen oxides (NO_x) conversion rate of the catalyst was found to be dependent on the type of TiO₂ support employed and on the temperature, as the catalyst showed an excellent conversion of > 80% at a space velocity of 60,000 hr^?1 when the temperature was above 200 °C. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses confirmed that catalyst displaying the highest activity contained the Mn⁴⁺ species and that its valence state was highly dependent on the pH during the catalyst preparation.

Implications Recently, various Mn catalysts have been evaluated as selective catalyst reduction (SCR) catalysts. However, in these previous studies, only the reaction characteristics and catalytic activity on the NH₃ SCR over Mn catalysts were evaluated. There have been no studies on the effect of pH during catalyst preparation. Therefore, in this study, the effect of pH during the catalyst preparation process was examined and a new application of the Mn catalysts was proposed based on the current findings.     

Major Energy Plants and Their Potential for Bioenergy Development in China

China is rich in energy plant resources. In this article, 64 plant species are identified as potential energy plants in China. The energy plant species include 38 oilseed crops, 5 starch-producing crops, 3 sugar-producing crops and 18 species for lignocellulosic biomass. The species were evaluated on the basis of their production capacity and their resistance to salt, drought, and/or low temperature stress. Ten plant species have high production and/or stress resistance and can be potentially developed as the candidate energy plants. Of these, four species could be the primary energy plants in China: Barbados nut (Jatropha curcas L.), Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.), sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and Chinese silvergrass (Miscanthus sinensis Anderss.). We discuss the use of biotechnological techniques such as genome sequencing, molecular markers, and genetic transformation to improve energy plants. These techniques are being used to develop new cultivars and to analyze and manipulate genetic variation to improve attributes of energy plants in China.     

拟柱孢藻毒素生态毒性的研究进展和展望

随着全球变暖的加剧,拉氏拟柱胞藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii)表现出从热带和亚热带地区向温带地区迁移和扩张的趋势。拟柱孢藻过度繁殖引发的主要生态环境问题是其有毒次级代谢产物——拟柱孢藻毒素(cylindrospermopsin,CYN)的大量产生。这种蓝藻毒素水溶性很高,可长时间停留在水体中,对动植物和人类健康造成威胁。近年来,国际上对CYN的研究越来越多,研究范围也日趋广泛,而国内的相关研究却很少。本文根据现有的研究结果,介绍了CYN的分子结构和理化特性;总结了CYN可能对水生生物、土壤作物和人类健康造成的影响和危害,并对相应的致毒机理进行了归纳总结;最后对未来的研究内容和方向进行了展望。